A general theory of avian migratory connectivity

نویسندگان

چکیده

Birds exhibit a remarkable array of seasonal migrations. Despite much research describing migratory behaviour, the underlying forces driving how species’ breeding and wintering populations redistribute each year, that is, connectivity, remain largely unknown. Here, we test hypothesis birds migrate in way minimises energy expenditure while considering intraspecific competition for acquisition, by developing modelling framework simulates an optimal redistribution individuals between areas. Using 25 species across Americas, find model accurately predicts empirical migration patterns, thus offers general explanation connectivity based on first ecological energetic principles. Our provides strong basis exploring additional processes ecology evolution migration, but also predicting impacts local adaptation seasons environmental change may affect population dynamics species.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Ecology Letters

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1461-023X', '1461-0248']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13817